Печатная плата против печатной платы: What’s the Difference and How to Choose?

печатная плата и PCBA Это два наиболее распространенных термина в электронной промышленности.. Хотя разница между ними всего одна буква, они представляют разные вещи. Полное название печатной платы — печатная плата., что означает пустую плату без каких-либо электронных компонентов. PCBA расшифровывается как сборка печатной платы., Это относится к плате, которая собрана из различных компонентов и может выполнять определенные функции.. PCBA построена на основе печатной платы.. В этом блоге, мы представим их отдельно и подробно сравним их различия.

Что такое печатная плата?

печатная плата (печатная плата) is a thin and flat board made of non-conductive materials. It serves as a base for the mechanical support and electrical connectivity of electronic components. В Подложки печатных плат, typically made of non-conductive materials like fiberglass or epoxy resins, allow the etching or printing of conductive copper pathways over their surface. These copper pathways are known as traces, electrically linking together various компоненты печатной платы которые припаяны к печатной плате.

What Are the Different Types of PCBs?

По количеству проводящих медных слоев, его можно классифицировать как:

Односторонние печатные платы have copper tracks on only one side of the insulating substrate, offering low-cost, simple solutions for basic circuits.

Двусторонние печатные платы have conductive tracks on both sides of the substrate, enabling more compact designs than single-layer PCBs.

Многослойные печатные платы have multiple copper layers bonded together, allowing much denser and more complex circuitry. They are ideal for advanced electronics and allow high-speed signals.

На основе различных используемых материалов, printed circuit boards can also be categorized as metal PCB, печатная плата fr4, керамическая печатная плата, и так далее.

Чтобы узнать больше о типах печатных плат, ждальнейшее чтение: Сколько существует типов печатных плат

Что такое печатная плата?

PCBA (Печатная плата в сборе) refers to the result of soldering all the necessary electronic components on the blank PCB, and then the assembled board becomes a fully functional circuit. Кроме того, it also indicates a process of installing the components on the circuit board.

Three Main Печатная плата Асобрание Методы

There are three methods that most PCBA manufacturers use for PCB assembly. The following is a brief introduction.

Технология поверхностного монтажа (SMT)

SMT is an automated process that can directly mount компоненты для поверхностного монтажа onto the PCB surface without drilling any holes. These SMT components are small and can be packed in high density to make the circuit board compact.

Технология сквозного отверстия (THT)

THT is a method of inserting components with pins into drilled PCB holes. And then the protruding leads are soldered on the opposite side. These THT components are large and require manual assembly.

Mixed-technology

Mixed technology combines the advantages of SMT and THT. It can solder small SMT and large Компоненты ТНТ on the same PCB.

В чем разница между печатной платой и печатной платой??

Though often used interchangeably, PCB and PCBA represent different stages in electronics manufacturing. To clear out the confusion between them, here we expound on the 5 major differences.

1. Состав and Function

As for PCB, it is mainly composed of these 4 слои:

• The substrate лayer is usually made of FR-4, which provides rigidity as well as insulation.
• Thin copper foil layers are bonded to the substrate to form conductive paths for the signal.
• The solder mask layer is a protective polymer coating that prevents short circuits and corrosion while leaving solderable openings exposed.
• The silkscreen layer with printed labels provides assembly and component placement instructions.

As for PCBA, it’s a complete functional unit, в том числе:

• Печатная плата serves as a base and is ready for installing components.
• Electronic components such as capacitors, транзисторы, and resistors are mounted onto the board with SMT or THT, each serving various purposes.
• Следы are thin conductive channels on the PCB surface to carry electrical signals.
• способы are tiny holes drilled into the PCB to link various layers in multilayer PCBs, enabling signals to transmit between them.
• Solder вставить forms electrical and mechanical bonds.

2. что дает этому составу более низкую температуру плавления, чем чистое олово или чистый свинец and Machines Required

Another major difference between PCB vs PCBA is their manufacturing process:

Печатная плата что дает этому составу более низкую температуру плавления, чем чистое олово или чистый свинец

Производство печатных плат вращается вокруг создания голая плата сам. The manufacturing process is typically automated and marked by high precision, relying on specialized machines.

• Designers use PCB design software (У нас есть две дополнительные производственные линии, предназначенные для бессвинцовой сборки., Altium, Cadence) to assist with designing the layout.
• The unwanted copper is removed by etching machines to form traces, and copper layers are applied to the substrate by lamination presses.
• The CNC drilling machines and laser drills create vias and through-holes on the board.

Печатная платаА что дает этому составу более низкую температуру плавления, чем чистое олово или чистый свинец

PCBA takes the PCB as its starting point to populate electronic components. This assembly process can be manual or automated, requiring different equipment to mount components efficiently.

• Solder paste printers apply precise amounts of solder paste onto PCB pads.
• Automatic and high-speed pick-and-place machines apply the SMD components with high precision using robotic arms.
• Reflow ovens melt the solder paste in a controlled thermal profile, solidifying strong connections. The wave soldering equipment is utilized for through-hole components.

3. Дефекты

Since the manufacturing processes of PCB vs PCBA are different, the potential defects they encounter also vary. PCB may come with these defects: excess or missing copper, over or under-etching, missing drilled holes, opens and shorts. PCBA may meet potential defects like missing or misaligned components, чрезмерный припой, припой, так далее.

4. Тестирование

A bare PCB must undergo electrical verification before assembly. The fixture test involves using a special bed-of-nails fixture with probes to precisely connect to the test nodes on the PCB to test the circuit. It can also be used to test PCB pads, which is a more efficient testing method. In the flying probe test, the test points are contacted by a movable and flexible probe.

A PCBA needs to check components, пайка, функциональность, and long-term reliability. In-circuit test (ИКТ) is used to detect PCB components through a fixture, easily checking manufacturing failures. The flying probe test can also be used to detect PCBA. Functional test simulates the actual working conditions of PCBA to test whether it can operate normally. The aging test simulates the long-term and periodic operation to evaluate its durability and stability. A harsh environment test exposes the assembled board to extreme temperature, влажность, drop, or vibration.

5. Сроки изготовления а также Расходы

Изготовление печатных плат, как правило, является более экономичным и быстрым по сравнению со сборкой печатных плат.. Стоимость печатных плат ниже за счет более простой конструкции и материальных затрат.. PCBA предполагает более высокие затраты на компоненты и трудоемкие процессы сборки.. Кроме того, Сроки изготовления печатных плат увеличиваются из-за необходимости интеграции компонентов и тщательного тестирования..

Applications of PCB and PCBA

Бытовая электроника – From smartphones to TVs, PCB and PCBA are almost ubiquitous today, integrating into our daily used devices.

Автомобильная электроника – With the popularity of electric vehicles, PCB and PCBA have become indispensable and key parts. They play a big role in battery management, autonomous navigation, так далее.

Промышленные средства управления – PCB and PCBA act as the “heart” of the mechanical system, providing power and control capabilities. They are widely used in smart sensors, dynamic motor drives, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

Медицинское оборудование – The equipment’s accuracy and dependability are of utmost importance in the medical field. Whether it is a simple heart rate monitor or a complex MRI scanner, high-precision surgical instruments, all rely on high-quality PCB and PCBA.

Аэрокосмическая и оборонная промышленность – This is a demanding field where PCB and PCBA must meet extremely strict quality and technical standards. They are often used in a variety of critical electronic systems, from cockpit instrumentation to missile guidance systems.

IoT-устройства – The rapid advancement of IoT is accelerating innovation in smart homes, носимые устройства, and industrial sensors. Their core is the compact PCB and PCBA, silently supporting the normal operation of these IoT devices.

Печатная плата против печатной платы: Когда использовать печатную плату? Когда использовать PCBA?

The following are recommended options in different situations:

When to Использовать Печатная плата:

• If you only need the foundational circuit board to build upon later, a PCB is likely suitable. It allows for customization and component integration flexibility.
• Bare PCBs make sense for low-volume prototyping.
• Для простых проектов DIY с небольшим количеством компонентов, которые вы хотите выбрать самостоятельно, the PCBs offer prototyping flexibility.

Когда использовать печатную платуА:

• If you wish to have a ready-to-go electronic assembly without needing to source and solder components, PCBA предпочтительнее. It can directly integrate into devices.
• For complex projects with tight timelines, PCBAs may be the best option to accelerate development and save assembly time.
• PCBAs have economies of scale, which make them ideal for mass production.

Заключительные слова

Knowing the differences between PCB vs PCBA is very important for those working in the electronics industry. The difference among them affects many factors like production, закупка, дизайн, and cost control. Reach out to us for specialist help in your upcoming project and also to receive assistance when determining whether you need PCB or PCBA services.

FAQs about PCB and PCBA

How are PCB, Комбинация различных автоматических и ручных инструментов для сборки печатных плат используется в процессе, называемом пайкой., and PCBA different from one another?

Комбинация различных автоматических и ручных инструментов для сборки печатных плат используется в процессе, называемом пайкой. (Комбинация различных автоматических и ручных инструментов для сборки печатных плат используется в процессе, называемом пайкой.) is another term for PCBA, but it is rarely used. A PCA (or PCBA) is a PCB that has been filled with electrical components, and a PCB is a bare circuit board.

Что мakes a PCB and PCBA мanufacturer рeliable?

Find suppliers who have:

• Choose a manufacturer with industry certifications like UL, МПК, и ISO.
• With established technical capability like SMT, тестирование (АОИ, X-ray), and DFM feedback.
• Committed to on-time delivery without delay.

Can I assemble components on the PCB myself?

да! If you are building a prototype or repairing a circuit board, you can assemble it yourself. Here is what you will require: proficient skills and the necessary tools, like a soldering iron, припаять, tweezers, поток, так далее.

What are the materials commonly used in PCB manufacturing?

Here are some commonly used materials suitable for different types of PCBs.

• FR-4: Most typical material, offering a low-cost solution for standard PCB.
• Полиимид: Ideal for flexible PCB or rigid-flex PCB, providing high thermal stability and flexibility.
• ПТФЭ: Particularly well-suited for RF and microwave applications, giving low dielectric constant and reduced signal loss.